往年英语语言文学的帖子不多，当时复习也挺茫然的，因此考完了趁还记得题型就先来写一篇回忆贴，以下如果有记错或记漏的欢迎同届考生指正。
英语语言文学的专业课考试在第二天进行：综合英语、翻译与写作。
一、 综合英语
1. 单项选择题。主要是词汇辨析，词组搭配，有少量语法题，共30分，难度中下，跟专四的词汇辨析题有点像。
2. 完型填空。这道题我在专四还是六级的完型真题里好像见过，但记得不是很清楚，是关于全球变暖对农业的影响。粮食的供应、各国屯粮什么的。不难，六级到专四的难度。
3. 阅读。有三篇，每篇5个选择题，共15题。全部在六级和专四的练习里做过，所以说啊，多做专四的题。我买的全部是星火专八的资料，差不多都做完了，特别难，它会影响你的判断。导致我在选择答案的时候不按常理出牌，总觉得不可能是那么简单的答案，其实答案原文里都完全找得到。下面附上三篇阅读的原文和选项。
第一篇：
Flats were almost unknown in Britain until the 1850s when they were developed, along with other industrial dwellings, for the laboring classes. These vast blocks were plainly a convenient means of easing social conscience by housing large numbers of the ever-present poor on compact city sites. During the 1880s, however, the idea of living in comfortable residential chambers caught on with the affluent upper and upper-middle classes, and controversy as to the advantages and disadvantages of flat life was a topic of conversation around many a respectable dinner-table. In Paris and other major European cities, the custom whereby the better-off lived in apartments, or fiats, was well established. Up to the late nineteenth century in England only bachelor barristers had established the tradition of living in rooms near the Law Court: any self-respecting head of household would insist upon a West End town house as his London home, the best that his means could provide.
The popularity of flats for the better-off seems to have developed for a number of reasons. One is the introduction of the railways, which had enabled a wide range of people to enjoy a holiday staying in a suite at one of the luxury hotels which had begun to spring up during the previous decade. Hence, there is no doubt that many of the early luxury fiats were similar to hotel suites, even being provided with communal dining-rooms and central boilers for hot water and heating. Rents tended to be high to cover overheads, but savings were made possible by these communal amenities and by tenants being able to reduce the number of family servants.
One of the earliest substantial London developments of flats for the well-to-do was begun soon after Victoria Railway Station was opened in 1860, as the train service provided an efficient link with both the City and the South of England. Victoria Street, adjacent to both the Station and Westminster, had already been formed, and under the direction of the architect, Henry Ashton, was being lined, with blocks of residential chambers in the Parisian manner. These fiats were commodious indeed, offering between eight and fifteen rooms apiece, including appropriate domestic offices. The idea was an emphatic departure from the tradition of the London house and achieved immediate Success.
Perhaps the most notable block in the vicinity was Queen Annes Mansions, partly designed by E.R. Robson in 1884 and recently demolished. For many years, this was Londons loftiest building and had strong claims to be the ugliest. The block modeled on the American skyscraper, and was nearly 200 feet high. The cliff-like walls of dingy brick completely overshadowed the modest thoroughfare nearby. Although bleak outside, the mansion fiats were palatial within, with sumptuously furnished communal entertaining and dining rooms, and lifts to the uppermost floors. The success of these tall blocks of flats could not have been achieved, of course, without the invention of the lift, or ascending carriage as it was called when first used in the Strand Law Courts in the 1870s.
1、 Flats first appeared in Britain in the middle of the 19th century when
A. they were principally built for those families with several servants.
B. people were not conscious of the crowded housing of the less well-to-do.
C. there was increasing concern over accommodation for the poor.
D. people became conscious of the social needs of the rural population.
2、 English upper-middle-class families preferred to
A. live mainly outside London, where it was healthier and cheaper.
B. live in the West End.
C. live near their working place.
D. live in London, but mainly not in the West End.
3、 One effect of the railways coming to central London was to stimulate the building of
A. large and well-appointed hotels.
B. blocks of self-contained fiats.
C. rows of elegant town houses.
D. fiats similar to hotel suites.
4、 The immediate success of the flats in Victoria Street could be attributed to
A. the unusual number of rooms each fiat contained.
B. their revolutionary style of architecture.
C. the ease with which they could be used as offices.
D. their French style of architecture.
5、 Which of the following is true about the interior and exterior of Queen Annes Mansions?
A. They were elegantly decorated both inside and outside.
B. They were grim from the outside and had a modest decor inside.
C. They were flashy from the street but nondescript inside.
D. They were plain outside but with lavish interior.
第二篇：
As a firefighter, I have seen many people die in hotel fires. Most could have saved themselves if they had been prepared. Contrary to what you have seen in the movies, fire is not likely to chase you down and burn you to death. It’s the by-products of fire-smoke and panic- that are almost always the causes of death.
For example, a man wakes up at 2:30 am due to the smell of smoke. He pulls on his pants and runs into the hallway-to be greeted by heavy smoke. He has no idea where the exit is, so he runs first to the right. No exit. Where is it? Panic sets in. He’s coughing and gagging now; his eyes hurt. He can t see his way back to his room. His chest hurt; he needs oxygen desperately. He rims in the other direction, completely disoriented. At 2:50 am we find him dead of smoke inhalation.
Smoke, because it is warmer than air, will start accumulating at the ceiling and works its way down. The fresh air you should breathe is near the floor. What’s more, smoke is extremely irritating to the eyes. Your eyes will take only so much irritation, then they will close and you won t be able to open them.
Your other enemy, panic, can make you do things that could kill you. The man in the foregoing example would not have died if he had known what to do. Had he found out beforehand where the exit was four doors down on the left-he could have gotten down on his hands and knees close to the floor, where the air is fresher. Then, even if he couldnt keep his eyes open, he could have felt the wall as he crawled, counting doors.
1. The major point discussed in the passage is ( )
A. a firefighters job
В. How to cope with fire
C. the danger of fire
D. the real cause of death in fire.
2. Which of the following persons would most likely die in hotel fires?( )
A. Those who get down on their hands and knees close to the door.
B. Those who leave the hotel at the first sign of smoke.
C. Those who look before they leap out of a low window.
D. Those who don t know where the exits are.
3. The man who died of smoke inhalation is an example given by the author to show( )
A. the disastrous consequence of panic and smoke
B. the importance of precaution against fire
C. the disastrous consequence of a big hotel fire
D. the importance of being well-prepared in your room
4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?( )
A. Fire is unlikely to turn you to death directly.
B. Smoke and panic are almost always the causes of death.
C. You should keep calm in the hotel fire.
D. Movies show the right rules for surviving hotel fires.
5. The word "disoriented” (Para.2) means ( )
A. losing all sense of direction
B. losing all strength against fire
С. unable to see the way
D. mortally afraid
第三篇:
War may be a natural expression of biological instincts and drives toward aggression in the human species. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality (守卫地盘的天性) are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate (天生的) survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to their existences of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive behavior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的) patterns within which human violence has been directed.
The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more society takes responsibility for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is revenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for imposing punishment. In a state controlled legal system, individuals are removed from the cycle of revenge motivated by acts of violence, and the state assumes responsibility for their protection.
The other side of a state legal apparatus is a state military apparatus. While the one protects the individual from violence, the other sacrifices the individual to violence in the interests of the state. In war the state affirms its supreme power over the individuals within its own borders. War is not simply a trial by combating to settle disputes between states; it is the moment when the state makes its most powerful demands upon its people for their commitment allegiance, and supreme sacrifice. Times of war test a community’s deepest religious and ethical commitments.
31. Human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior in that __（B）__.
A) it threatens the existing social systems
B) it is influenced by society
C) it has roots in religious conflicts
D) it is directed against institutions of law
32. The function of legal systems, according to the passage, is __（A）__.
A) to control violence within a society
B) to protect the world from chaos
C) to free society from the idea of revenge
D) to give the government absolute power
33. What does the author mean by saying “... in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffused” (Lines 4-5, Para. 2)? （D）
A) Legal systems greatly reduce the possibilities of physical violence.
B) Offenses against individuals are no longer judged on a personal basis.
C) Victims of violence find it more difficult to take revenge.
D) Punishment is not carried out directly by the individuals involved.
34. The word “allegiance” (Line 4, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to __（A）__.
A) loyalty
B) objective
C) survival
D) motive
35. What can we learn from the last paragraph? __（D）__
A) Governments tend to abuse their supreme power in times of war.
B) In times of war governments may extend their power across national borders.
C) In times of war governments impose high religious and ethical standards on their people.
D) Governments may sacrifice individuals in the interests of the state in times of war.
4.改错。个人感觉改错有点难，跟专八改错题型一样。
5.段落翻译。出自赛缪尔·斯迈尔斯的《以书为友》，以下是原文。
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products, for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that have ever lived. We hear what they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe.
6.200字作文
讨论在中国成绩不好的学生的家长为孩子申请国外学校的思考（foreign college or university study）
二、 翻译与写作
PART 1 中译英（45分）
1. 句子中译英，共三个，不难。
2. 段落中译英一篇，出自2018年9月王毅国务委员兼外长在美国对外关系委员会的演讲。以下是原文：
中国古代圣贤孔子主张：“君子和而不同”，“己所不欲勿施于人”。这些充满真理和智慧的思想同样适用于国与国之间的关系。尊重彼此差异、学会换位思考，才能达到真正的和。这个世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，国与国交往的目的恰恰是在承认不同的前提下增进相互了解、彼此和平共处。历史反复证明，一定要按照自己的标准来改造对方，执意把外来的制度强加于人，大多难以成功，不少还会引发灾难性后果。我要强调的是，不管过去、现在还是将来，中国既不会照搬外国的模式，也不会要求别国复制中国的做法。
PART 2 英译中（45分）
[size=10.5000pt]1. 句子英译中，共三个。
[size=10.5000pt]2. 段落英译中一篇。以下是原文：
Rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vacation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
PART 3 400字作文（60分）
谈谈你对TO BE GREAT IS TO BE MISUNDERSTOOD的理解。