南京财经大学
2012 年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 （ A 卷 ）
科目代码 ： 613 科目名称 ： 基础英语 满分 ： 150 分
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I. Identify the
rhetoric devices. (10 points)
Instruction:
Identify the rhetorical devices or the figures of speech in the following
sentences.
Choose the
terminology in the box that best describes the rhetorical category of the
sentence to
fill in the
blanks (one terminology for each sentence).
You must write
your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
simile metaphor
metonymy synecdoche personification transferred epithet
alliteration
irony repetition oxymoron analogy hyperbole
1． This concept of how things get written throws
very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on
Life.
2. No one anticipated that the case would
snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S.
history.
3. Darrow had whispered, throwing a reassuring
arm round my shoulder.
4. “Ralph, if you’re gonna be a phony, you might
as well be a real phony.
5. At three weeks, Paul Bunyan got his family
into a bit of trouble kicking around his little
tootsies and
knocking down something like four miles of standing timber.
II. Paraphrase
the following sentences. (10 points)
1. Serious looking man spoke to one another as
if they were oblivious of the crowds about
them.
2. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike
with united strength while life and power remain.
3. Modern art opens on a whole world whose
reality is not “out there” in nature defined as
things seen from
a middle distance, but “in here” in the soul or the mind.
4. I feel unequipped by education for problems
that lie outside the cloistered, literary domain
in which I am
competent and at home.
5. A key factor
in explaining the sad state of American education can be found in
over-bureaucratization,
which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate our public schools into
massive
factories and to increase to mammoth size our universities even in
under-populated
states.
III. Vocabulary
and General Knowledge. (20 points)
1. Two occasions
of ______ declining activity were registered in the years of 1929 and 1987.
A. disastrous B.
disastrously C. disaster D. devastating
2. Only the
initials of the companies and the price of their shares ______ on the
billboard.
A. are flashed
B. is flashed C. flash D. flashes
3. The island is
maintained as a ______for endangered species.
A. wetlands B.
sanctuary C. mire D. heath
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4. Incidents of
violence will ______the trauma of abuse and mistreatment that a person suffered
or witnessed in
his childhood.
A. invoke B.
evoke C. inspire D. affect
5. Many animals
display______ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.
A. cerebral B.
imperious C. rueful D. maternal
6. The
politician promised to be candid, but we wondered. Here, “candid”
means________.
A. impartial B.
open and frank C. meticulous D. discreet
7. Some polls
show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly
Americans
are _______by
social isolation and loneliness.
A. suffered B.
confined C. plagued D. handicapped
8. Plastics are
the best insulator of electricity, rubber _______it closely.
A. following B.
followed C. to follow D. being followed
9. Professor
Smith and Professor Brown will_______ in giving the class lectures.
A. alter B.
change C. alternative D. differ
10. Just as
there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees,
______occupations
for
which technical
training is necessary.
A. so too there
are B. so also there are
C. so there are
too D. so too are there
11. Who is the
representative figure of American Transcendentalism?
A. Nathanial
Hawthorne B. Edgar Allan Poe
C. Ralph Waldo
Emerson D. Walt Whitman
12. Who wrote
Heroes and Hero Worship?
A. Mathew Arnold
B. Thomas Carlyle
C. Henry David
Thoreau D. William Shakespeare
13. “Blowing in
the Wind” is a song written by protest singer ______.
A. James
Morrison B. John Lennon
C. Bob Dylan D.
Paul McCartney
14. Salem Witch
Hunt happened in______.
A. colonial
Massachusetts B. medieval England
C. pre-modern
Europe D. Victorian England
15. Which novel
is declared by Ernest Hemingway as the one from which “all modern
American
literature comes”?
A. Harriet
Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Ton’s Cabin
B. Mark Twain’s
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
C. Herman
Melville’s Moby Dick
D. Nathaniel
Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter
16. In England,
full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between______.
A. 6 and 16 B. 7
and 16 C. 6 and 17 D. 5 and 16
17. The first
group of Pilgrims who immigrated to the New World established the colony of
_____in 1620.
A. Plymouth B.
Boston C. New Jersey D. Philadelphia
18. Who is Not
Nobel Prize Laureate of Literature?
A. Eugene
O’Neill B. Doris Lessing
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C. William
Faulkner D. F. Scott Fitzgerald
19. In the
United States, the House of Representative is presided over by____.
A. the president
B. the Speaker C. the vice president D. Secretary of State
20. The sense
relationship between “dead” and “alive” is_____.
A. hyponymy B.
homonymy C. antonymy D. synonymy
IV. Error
Correction. (10 points)
The following
passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE
error only. In
each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and
correct
it in the
following way:
For the wrong
word, write the wring word in the bracket and correct one in the blanket at the
end of the line.
For the missing
word, indicate the missing place in the bracket with two words and a sign “^”
and provide the
missing word in the blank at the end of the sentence.
For the
unnecessary word, write the unnecessary word in the bracket and cross it with a
line.
Example:
When art museum
wants a new exhibit, (1) (when ^ art)
an__
It never buys
things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a (2) (never) ________
natural history
museum, wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) (exhibition)
exhibit
Some deviant uses of technology are criminal, though not all
participants see it that way. Downloading of music, typically protected
by copyrights,
is widely accepted. The pirating of software, motion (1)_____________
pictures, and
CDs have become big business. At conventions and swap (2) ____________
meets, pirating
copies of movies and CDs are sold openly. Some of the (3) ____________
products are
obviously7 counterfeiting, but many come in sophisticated (4) ____________
packaging,
completely with warranty cards. When vendors are willing (5) _____________
to talk, they say they merely want to be compensated for their time and
the cost of materials, or that the software they have copied is in the
public domain.
Since most of
these black market activities are clearly illegal, (6)_______________
many consumers and small-time pirates are proud of their behavior.
They may even
think themselves smart for figuring a way to avoid the (7)_______________
“unfair” prices charged by “big corporations.” Few people see the
pirating of a new software program or a first-run movie as a threat to
the public good,
as they would embezzle from a “bank.” Similarly, most (8)______________
businesspeople who “borrow” software from another department, even
though they lack
of a site license, do not think they are doing anything (9)______________
wrong. No social
stigma attaches with their illegal behavior. (10)____________
V. Reading
Comprehension. (30 points)
Text A
I was 16 when my
father unequivocally decided that he would send me to wilderness camp for
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several months.
He had threatened many times before, but my mother had always managed to
persuade him
from actually packing me up and shipping me off.
My latest
transgression was viewed as the last straw. In a fit of unbridled rage, I had
shoved
my math teacher
down a flight of steps at school. He broke his arm in two places and severely
dislocated his
shoulder. The man hadn’t done a thing to me. I am hard pressed to remember why
I was so
irritated at him.
Anyway, Mr.
Ford, my math teacher, had agreed not to press charges as favor to my dad. He
was a friend of
my dad’s from way back. Mr. Ford knew what was at stake. We all did.
Dad was in the
middle of a tight race for sheriff in our town. This latest “Danny Thing,” as
all of my
reckless behavior was now called, had all my dad’s closest advisors talking.
“John, he’s your son and he’s a kid, but he is dragging you down,” I
heard Jake Hutch tell
my dad through
his closed office door the night after I pushed Mr. Ford. “If it appears you
can’t
set the course
for enforcement in your own home, how can you set the course for this town?”
So, off to the
Pisgah National Forest I went. I knew in my heart that “Wilderness Camp” was
surely just a
euphemism for “Torture Center.” I imagined hours of untold abuse at the hands
of
some
lumberjack-sized drill sergeant. I resolved not to be broken and to emerge from
the
program
unchanged. I was who I was.
Nearly every day
for six months, a small group of other troubled teens and I lugged our
30-pound
backpacks on a trek that covered about 10 miles. We hiked in a rugged
wilderness that
seemed untouched
by civilization. The grandeur of the sky, rock and wilderness made me
reverent.
Our counselors,
were firm, but gentle, not the ogres I had imagined. We learned how to
make a fire
without matches and create a shelter with twigs, branches and grass. We learned
which plants
were safe to eat out in the wild. Late into the night, we talked about our
fears and
hopes.
We were devoid
of radios, televisions and cell phones. I felt myself change. I was calm and
often
reflective. My old, impulsive self was gone.
One morning, six
months later, my dad came to pick me up. I ran to hug him and saw relief
and love in his
eyes.
“So what’s it like being sheriff?” I asked on the ride home.
“I lost the race, Danny,” he said.
“I’m sorry, Dad.” I knew my behavior probably had a lot to do with
his defeat.
Dad squeezed my
shoulder and brought me close. “As long as I don’t ever lose you, I’m
okay.”
1. “I was 16
when my father unequivocally decided that he would send me to wilderness camp
for several
months.” Choose the best way to rewrite the above sentence, keeping the meaning
the same.
A. I was 16 when
my father angrily decided that he would send me to wilderness camp for
several months.
B. I was 16
when, over the course of several months, my father decided he would send me to
wilderness camp.
C. I was 16 when
my father finally decided that he would send me to wilderness camp for
several months.
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D. I was 16 when
my father decided without question that he would send me to wilderness camp
for several
months.
2. What does the
idiomatic expression, “the last straw,” suggest?
A. the worst
thing someone could have done
B. the last in a
line of unacceptable occurrences
C. the deed
someone wishes he or she could take back
D. the biggest
problem of all
3. •Which is the
best antonym for unbridled?
A. amusing B.
peaceful C. restrained D. understandable
4. What lesson
did Danny seem to learn in this passage?
A. Fight fire
with fire.
B. Faith will
move mountains.
C. Nature
exceeds nurture.
D. A reed before
the wind lives on, while mighty oaks do fall.
Text B
What is a nerd?
Mary Bucholtz, a linguist at the University of California,Santa Barba, has been
working on the
question for the last 12 years. She has gone to high schools and colleges,
mainly
in California,
and asked students from different crowds to think about the idea of nerdiness
and
who among their
peers should be considered a nerd; students have also “reported” themselves.
Nerdiness, she
has concluded, is largely a matter of racially tinged behavior. People who are
considered nerds
rend to act in ways that are, as she puts it, “hyperwhite”.
While the word
“nerd” has been used since the 1950s, its origin remains elusive. Nerds,
however,
are easy to find
everywhere. Being a nerd has become a widely accepted and even proud identity,
and nerds have
carved out a comfortable niche in popular culture; “nerdcore” rappers, who wear
pocket
protectors and write paeans to computer routing devices, are in vogue, and TV
networks
continue to run
shows with titles like “beauty and the Geek”. As a linguist, Bucholtz
understands
nerdiness first
and foremost as a way of using language. In a 2001 paper, “The Whiteness of
Nerds:
Super-standard English and Racial Markedness”, and other works, including a
book in
progress,
Bucholtz notes that the “hegemonic” “cool white” kids use a limited amount of
African-American
vernacular English; they may say “blood” in lieu of “friend”, or drop the “g”
in playing.
But the nerds
she has interviewed, mostly white kids, punctiliously adhere to Standard
English.
They often favor
Greco-Latinate words over Germanic ones, a preference that lends an air of
scientific
detachment. They are aware they speak distinctively, and they use language as a
badge
of membership in
their cliques. One nerd girl, Bucholtz observed, performed a typically nerdy
feat when asked
to discuss “blood” as a slang term, she replied “B-L-O-O-D, the word is blood,”
evoking the
format of a spelling bee. She went on, “That’s the stuff which is inside your
veins, ”
humorously using
a literal definition. Nerds are not simply victims of the prevailing social
codes
about that’s
appropriate and what’s cool; they actively shape their identities and put those
codes
in question.
Though Buchotz
uses the term “hyperwhite” to describe nerd language in particular, she claims
that the
“symbolic resources of an extreme whiteness” can be used elsewhere. After all,
trends in
music, dance.
Fashion, sports and language in a variety of youth subcultures are often
traceable
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to an
African-American source, but unlike the styles of cool European American
students, in
nerdiness,
African-American culture and language do not play even a covert role.
Certainly,
“hyperwhite” seems a good word for the sartorial choices of paradigmatic
nerds. While a
stereotypical
black youth, from the zoot-suit era through the bling years, wears flashy
clothes,
chosen for their
aesthetic value, nerdy clothing is purely practical: pocket protectors, belt
sheaths
for gadgets,
short shorts for excessive heat, etc. Indeed, “hyperwhite” works as a
description for
nearly
everything we intuitively associate with nerds, which is why Hollywood has long
traded
in jokes that
try to capitalize on the emotional dissonance of nerds acting black and black being
nerds.
By cultivating
an identity perceived as white to the point of excess, nerds deny themselves
the
aura of
normality that is usually one of the perks of being white. Bucholtz sees
something to
admire there. In
declining to appropriate African-American youth culture, thereby “refusing” to
exercise the
racial privilege upon which white youth cultures are founded, “she writes,
nerds may
even be viewed
as “traitors to whiteness.” You might say they know that a culture based on
theft
is a culture not
worth having. On the other hand, “the code of conspicuous intellectualism in
the
nerd cliques,”
Bucholtz observes, “may shut out black students who chose not to openly display
their
abilities.” This is especially disturbing at a time when African-American students
can be
stigmatized by
other African-American students if they are too obviously diligent about
school.
Even more
problematic, “Nerds” dismissal of black cultural practices often led them to
discount
the possibility
of friendship with black students, even if the nerds were involved in political
activities like
protesting against the dismantling of affirmative action in California schools.
If
nerdiness, as
Bucholtz suggests, can be a rebellion against the cool white kids and their use
of
black culture,
it’s a rebellion with a limited membership.
5. Why did Mary
Bucholtz declare that nerdiness is a matter of racially tinged behavior?
A. because they
never use African words in their language
B. because they
use Greco-Latinate words instead of Germanic ones
C. because they
use scientific and academic jargons in their speech
D. because they
exhibit a linguistic tendency, that is almost exclusive to white people.
6. According to
Bucholtz, the image of a nerd ______.
A. highlights
the racial privileges of the White and questions the popular cultural codes
B. is a racist
in nature
C. is a badge of
youth culture
D. is depicted
positively in Hollywood movies
7. What is a
spelling bee?
A. a television
show B. a movie
C. a bee that
can do the spelling D. spelling competition
8. Which of the
following statements is true?
A. Black nerds
are ashamed to be brilliant in school
B. It is hard
for the black students to have a real friendship with the white nerds
C. Black
students are left out of the nerd cliques because they are not intellectually
qualified
D. The nerd
cliques will not play a leading role in the political protests because they are
not
normal
members of the
society.
Text C
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In developing a
model of cognition, we must recognize that perception of the external world
does
not always
remain independent of motivation. While progress toward maturity is positively
correlated with
differentiation between motivation and cognition, tension will, even in the
mature
adult, lead
towards a narrowing of the range of perception. Cognition can be seen as the
first step
in the sequence
events leading from the external stimulus to the behavior of the individual.
The
child develops
from belief that all things are an extension of its own body to the recognition
that
objects exist
independent of his perception. He begins to demonstrate awareness of people and
things which are
removed from his sensory apparatus and initiates goal-directed behaviors. He
may, however,
refuse to recognize the existence of barriers to the attainment of his goal,
despite
the fact that
his cognition of these objects has been previously demonstrated.
In the primitive
beings, goal-directed behavior can be very simple motivated. The presence of an
attractive
object will cause an infant to reach for it; its removal will result in the
cease of that
action. In adult
life, mere cognition can be similarly motivational, although the visible
presence
of the
opportunity is not required as the stimulants of response. The mature adult
modifies his
reaction by
obtaining information, interpreting it, and examining consequences. He
formulates a
hypothesis and
attempts to test it. He searches out implicit relationships, examines all
factors,
and, differentiates
among them. Just as the trained artist can separate the value of color,
composition, and
technique, while taking in and evaluating the whole work, so, too, the mature
person brings
his cognitive learning strengths to bear in evaluating a situation.
Understanding
that cognition is separate from action, his reaction is only minimally guided
from
conditioning,
and he takes into consideration anticipatable events. The impact of the
socialization
process
particularly that of parental and social group ideology, may reduce cognitively
directed
behavior. The
tension thus produced, as for instance the stress of fear, anger, or extreme
emotion,
will often be
the primary influence.
The evolutionary
process of development from body schema through cognitive learning is
similarly
manifested in the process of language acquisition. Every normal infant has the
physiological
equipment necessary to produce sound, but the child must first master their use
for
sucking, biting,
and chewing before he can control his equipment for use in producing the sounds
of language.
From the earlier times, it is clear that language and human thought have been
intimately
connected. Sending or receiving messages, from primitive warnings of danger to
explaining
creative or reflective thinking, this aspect of cognitive development is also
firmly
linked to the
needs and aspirations of society.
9. If a child
meets some difficulties in the process of reaching his goal, he may______.
A. face them
bravely and try to overcome them
B. neglect them and come up with a new goal
C. be unwilling to admit there are some
difficulties
D. worry about
them and feel discouraged or frustrated
10. Adult’s
motivational cognition is stimulated by_______.
A. predictable
presence of opportunities
B. visible signs of opportunities
C. approachable information
D. stimulants
11. The
influence of socialization process may_____.
A. produce
tension B. reduce one’s cognitively guided behaviors
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C. reduce the
degree of fear or anger D. produce extreme emotion
12. What links
cognitive development to the needs of society?
A. Language B.
Natural human cognitive development
C. Practical
purpose D. Sending or receiving messages
Text D
Newly uncovered
sketches by Galileo offer a unique glimpse of a scientific giant in the throes
of
discovery.
For those with a
passion for rare books, delving into an original work of Galileo has always
offered
unparalleled insight. There is no more immediate way to bring his inquisitive
spirit to life
than to view an
original printing of Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger, 1610), in which he
describes the
contours of the moon as seen through his newly invented telescope, or to marvel
at
a first edition
of Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), his challenges to
the Ptolemaic
view of an Earth-centered universe.
But what if we
could actually see this founding father of modern science in the throes of
discovery? Horst
Bredekamp, professor of art history at Berlin’s Humboldt University and author
of a new book
entitled Galelei der Kunstler (Galileo the Artist), says we can. He and other
five
experts in
Germany and Italy have concluded that five watercolor sketches of a
mustard-colored
moon drawn in a
printer’s proof of Sidereus Nuncius are by Galileo’s own hand. The first
printing of the
legendary treatise included copper engravings of the moon (now lost) believed
to
be based on
different Galileo sketches. But the copy studied by Bredekamp, which was
recently
unveiled in the
city of Padua, Italy, where Galileo made his initial lunar observations,
includes
the astronomer’s
only known original drawings of the moon. They are the direct record of the
budding
astronomer, then 46, peering through his precious new telescope and sketching
what he
saw directly
onto the page. “You can see that they were done quickly, but with incredible
precision,” says
Bredekamp. Galileo’s renderings revealed the moon’s shadows as craters, hills
and valleys.
Identifying such earthlike topography in a heavenly body was an important step
toward the
conclusion that later put him at odds with the Catholic Church: that Earth was
not the
center of the
universe.
Though drawings
featured prominently in Galileo’s work, his role as artist and draftsman has
until now been
little more than a footnote in accounts of his life. The native of Pisa, Italy,
born in
1564, would
eventually be celebrated (and castigated) for his controversial celestial
discoveries,
his advocacy for
an experiment-based approach to the natural world, and his complicated and
combative
relationship with the Church. Yet his artistic bent was central to his life
too. William
Shea, who holds
the Galileo Chair in History of Science at the University of Padue, notes that
as
a teenager the
future scientist received comprehensive training as a draftsman, and would
eventually count
prominent Renaissance artists and architects among his best friends. Late in
life,
Galileo told his
assistant that if he could have pursued any profession, he would have been a
painter. There
are so many official documents that are sued to recount Galileo’s life,” says
Shea,
who has penned
several Galileo biographies. “But he is at his most moving when he’s talking to
artists.”
Bredekamp, a
scholar of both art history and the history of science, says this latest find
shows
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vividly how art
and science worked together in Galileo’s mind. “It’s not that Galileo used
drawing just to
illustrate the ideas he had already discovered, but that through the movement
of
his hand he
became aware of what he was seeing,” says Bredekamp. “Ideas come through
drawing.” That
is something any doodler knows well. But few drawings have ever yielded ideas
as revolutionary
as those of Galileo.
13. According to
the author, Galileo had done all the things except_______.
A. invented
telescope and used it to observe the stars
B. drawn the
contours of the moon in his Starry Messenger
C. defied the
traditional conceptions of the universe
D. had
challenged the foundations of modern science
14. What does
“throe” (first sentence of the second paragraph) mean?
A. context B.
engagement, involvement
C. pain,
difficult struggle D. aspiration
15. Which of the
following statements is NOT true?
A. the copy
which was unveiled in Padua included the only known drawings by Galileo.
B. Padua is a
city where Galileo used to made lunar observations.
C. Prof.
Bredekamp discovered Galileo’s lost engravings
D. The paintings
revealed how Galileo observed and recorded what he saw through his
telescope.
16. What does
the writer imply about Galileo?
A. His paintings
helped to formulate his ideas about the universe
B. Galileo’s had
a stronger interest in Art than in observing the stars.
C. Galileo’s artistic
bend was influenced by his artistic friends
D. Galileo was
unhappy about his career of an astronomer.
Text E
E.M.
Foster—whose own novels have proved good meat for those who re-cook old novels
into
TV ministers and
Hollywood winners—once wrote that “it is on her massiveness that George
Eliot
depends—she has no nicety of style.”
There is a
degree of truth in the comment—its first part, anyway. Middlemarch, long
considered
this English
Victorian novelist’s masterpiece, is certainly no miniature.
When the BBC’s
suitably massive television adaptation of Middlemarch was aired in Britain…it
became
compulsive viewing for millions—and more than 105,000 of them went out and
bought
the book (others
of us already owned it and lifted it off the shelf.)
It is one of the
fascinations of television that, while it is more than ever held responsible
for
luring the world
into illiteracy, it can also powerfully attract viewers to buy—and even to
read—some of the
great classics.
Whoever reads
the book after seeing the series will find it virtually impossible not to see
the
characters in
his or her mind’s eye exactly as the cast of actors portrays them. But half the
fun of
comparing the
inevitably learner TV version—cut, edited, and sometimes re-arranged—with the
steady unfolding
of the original novel is in assessing the pluses and the minuses of turning
written pages
into screen images.
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In the opinion
of those who know, Eliot was a potentially first-rate TV writer. In a BBC
documentary
about the making of the series, Andrew Davies, who wrote the screenplay, said
he
thought George
Eliot “had all the elements that you would look for now if you were looking for
a
very strong
drama serial, I mean, she could go along and sell…to any TV network now…just
update it a
little bit.”
In practice,
Davies’s screenplay does not “update” the novel jarringly (OK, characters kiss
on
screen where
they only held hands in the book, but who’s fussing?) and even frequently quotes
Eliot’s dialog
almost verbatim.
Mr. Davies, in
the same documentary, also mentions one difficulty in handing over a classic
novel to actors:
They have all got copies of the original, he says, and often ask why their
particular
character’s most “wonderful bits” have been denied them. These appeals must be
resisted, David
says, because they likely will conflict with the attempt to “distill the
essence of
the book.”
On the other
hand, actors with a sensitive feel for the inner life of their characters can
flesh out or
redeem what
might be only hinted at in the screenplay.
The television
version accords Middlemarch, the community, with all its gossip and prejudice,
goodness and
despair, and corruption and innocence. It suggests the feel of the place with
marvelous
conviction, through scrupulous attention to details of the period, of building
and prop
and costume, but
also because of the leisurely pace at which the story develops.
The whole thing
is done with taste and style.
17. The first
paragraph suggests that E.M. Foster’s novels are ________.
A. often adapted
for TV or film
B. seldom
translated into other media
C. rarely
converted for TV
D. frequently
revised for TV.
18. In the
writer’s opinion, casting of the BBC’s Middlemarch was________.
A. peculiar B.
appropriate C. idiosyncratic D. strange
19. Andrew
Davies implies that Eliot’s writing is_________.
A. well suited
for contemporary audiences
B. a faithful
reproduction of the entire novel
C. lengthy but
true to the book’s content
D. a crudely
modern adaption
20. The town of
Middlemarch was__________.
A. impossible to
recreate on TV
B. central to
the plot of the novel
C. an ideal
place in which to live
D. a harmonious
and quiet village
VI. Translation
from English to Chinese. (20 points)
Are We Yet
There?
America’s
recovery will be much slower than that from most recessions; but the government
can
help a bit.
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“WHITHER goest thou, America?” That question, posed by Jack Kerouac
on behalf of the Beat
generation half
a century ago, is the biggest uncertainty hanging over the world economy. And
it
reflects the
foremost worry for American voters, who go to the polls for the congressional
mid-term
elections on November 2nd with the country’s unemployment rate stubbornly stuck
at
nearly one in
ten. They should prepare themselves for a long, hard ride.
The most
wrenching recession since the 1930s ended a year ago. But the recovery—none too
powerful to
begin with—slowed sharply earlier this year. GDP grew by a feeble 1.6% at an
annual pace in
the second quarter, and seems to have been stuck somewhere similar since. The
housing market
slumped after temporary tax incentives to buy a home expired. So few private
jobs were being
created that unemployment looked more likely to rise than fall. Fears grew over
the summer that
if this deceleration continued, America’s economy would slip back into
recession.
VII. Translation
from Chinese to English (20 points)
隐逸的生活似乎在传统意识中一直被认为是幸福的至高境界。但这种孤傲遁世同时也是
孤独的，纯粹的隐者实属少数，而少数者的满足不能用来解读普世的幸福模样。有道是小
隐隐于野，大隐隐于市。真正的幸福并不隐逸，可以在街市而不是丛林中去寻找。
晨光，透过古色古香的雕花窗棂，给庭院里精致的盆景慢慢地化上一抹金黄的淡妆。那煎
鸡蛋的“刺啦”声袅袅升起, 空气中开始充斥着稚嫩的童音、汽车启动的节奏、夫妻间甜
蜜的道别，还有邻居们简单朴素的问好。巷陌中的这一切，忙碌却不混乱，活泼却不嘈杂，
平淡却不厌烦。一切，被时间打磨，被时间沉淀，终于形成了一种习惯，一种默契，一种
文化。
III. Writing.
(30 points)
Guo Xue refers
to the ancient Chinese cultural classics as well as the study of these works,
which
is enjoying an
unprecedented revival of interest from China’s population. For different people
or
social groups,
it means different things and serves different interests. Write an article of
about
400 words to
illustrate your views on the revival of Guo Xue in China today.
You must supply
a title for your article.